Bruise

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When you develop a bruise, it is because an injury to a blood vessel has caused blood to leak into the surrounding tissue. Bruises are usually related to an injury to the small capillaries located near the surface of the skin. These tiny blood vessels heal fairly quickly. As the body reabsorbs the blood, the characteristic mark disappears.

There are many blood vessels in the head. If you suffer a blow to the head, there can be a lot of bleeding into surrounding tissue, causing the classic "goose egg". A blow to the forehead or nose can cause blood to accumulate in the surrounding loose tissues, resulting in the condition commonly known as a black eye. If a mass of blood accumulates in the tissues, it is called a hematoma.

A new bruise is tender to the touch and may be swollen. A bruise generally starts out as a red mark, then turns the classic black-and-blue or purple color. As the bruise fades, it becomes lighter and sometimes a bit yellow or brown from residual iron left over after the blood fluids are reabsorbed.

Most bruises are merely a result of everyday bumps and injuries. Nutritional deficiencies such as a lack of vitamin C or vitamin K can lead to easier than normal bruising, however, and in rare cases an underlying illness such as hemophilia, leukemia, or purpura may be behind a tendency to bruise easily and often. In both hemophilia and leukemia, the blood does not clot as it should, so it is more likely to leak out to an injured vessel to form a bruise. Purpura is a condition in which bruising can occur even with out any particular injury. It is believed to occur because the small blood vessels, for some unknown reason, are more fragile than normal. While the bruises may be unsightly purpura is not usually considered a serious disorder.

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